One of things I notice most about Beowulf is the peculiarity of the religion. From the text, it's pretty obvious that Christianity is the dominant philosophy, both from the context of the story (late 5th century) and the references made by the characters to God and some biblical stories.
There are also aspects of paganism, though these are often subtler. The speaker seems to condemn paganism as an older religion which is not believe in anymore:
"Sometimes at pagan shrines they vowedHowever, if we look closer at some of the Christian aspects that re present, we can see that there is a sort of hybrid between Christianity and paganism shown.
offerings to idols, swore oaths
that the killer of souls might come to their aid
and save the people. That was their way,
their heathenish hope; deep in their hearts
they remembered hell. The Almighty Judge
of good deeds and bad, the Lord God,
Head of the Heavens and High King of the World,
was unknown to them." (175-183)
Grendel and his mother are referred to as descendants of Cain (99-114). Also listed are "ogres, and elves, and evil phantoms and the giants" (112-113). These monsters are not found in Christianity but are from different mythologies that existed before Christianity was introduced to the Anglo-Saxons.
The culture we see in Beowulf is in a state of transition from paganism to Christianity and because this happens over a long period of time, the two religions mix and create a hybrid of the two.
Another time that this is apparent is in line 1690 when Hrothgar begins his speech to Beowulf after Beowulf brings back Grendel's severed head. Hrothgar examines the sword and the text tells us that there are engravings of the past on the hilt and references when "the flood destroyed the tribe of giants." This story is recognizable to us as the story of Noah and the Ark. However it is presented to us as yet again a mixture of Christianity and paganism.
I'm sure there's other ways that religion plays a part in Beowulf and would be really interested to hear anyone else's opinions!
First, I am so glad you had prior knowledge of this topic. Not only because it makes me feel better about my lack of knowledge in that region, but because you also cleared a few things up for me! I did not notice the religious references in the poem until it was brought up in class. Your blog has done a good job of describing those particular references. So, thank you for clearing that up!
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